Anophthalmia
Table of Contents
Alternative Names

Definition

Anophthalmia (anophthalmos) is a condition that means one or both eyes didn’t form during the early stages of pregnancy. There are three classifications for this condition.

Primary anophthalmia is a complete absence of eye tissue due to a failure of the part of the brain that forms the eye.

In secondary anophthalmia the eye starts to develop and for some reason stops, leaving the infant with only residual eye tissue or extremely tiny eyes which can only be seen under close examination.

In degenerative anophthalmia the eye started to form and, for some reason, degenerated. One reason for this occurring could be a lack of blood supply to the eye.

Microphthalmia (microphthalmos) is a condition that means the eye(s) started to form during pregnancy but for some reason stopped, leaving the infant with small eyes. The size of the eye can vary from child to child. If very mild, It can almost go unnoticed but is usually very obvious. At the other end of the scale there is extreme microphthalmia which is really the same as some forms of anophthalmia. Distinguishing between extreme microphthalmia and anophthalmia in such a case can be achieved by examining especially stained tissue under a microscope but such a diagnosis isn’t usually of much practical importance.

Causes, Incidence and Risk Factors
Prevention
Symptoms
Signs & Tests

Treatment

There is no cure for this condition. Sometimes the child may have other conditions or complications that may require monitoring. Prosthetic eyes can be fitted to the empty eye sockets which can sometimes involve surgery for reasons such as putting implants into the socket to make it easier to fit the prostheses. Prostheses are not just for cosmetic purposes but also help to promote the growth of the eye socket. Conformers, which are a bit like balloons that can be expanded inside the socket, are sometimes used to further encourage the growth of the socket.

Expectations (Prognosis)
Complications
Calling your doctor/health care provider